COAL BENEFICIATION AND ITS USES



RAW COAL ASH% AVAILABLE AT PRESENT IN INDIA

Type of coal
RC Ash% limit
Coking Coal
About 35%
Non-Coking Coal
About 40-45%
 
Among the above consumers, majority of demand of coal is by steel & power sector. Steel sector require coking coal of ash% within a range of 18+0.5 whereas power sector require non-coking coal of ash% within a range of 33.5+0.5.



Why Indian Coals contain High Ash?
  • Indian coals contain high ash content because of its formation thro’ drift origin.
  •   Moreover, the quality of Run of Mine (RoM) coal from Indian mines is             continuously deteriorating due to increased Opencast mining operation             leading to admixtures of stone/ shale with coal.  
          
 Major Pollutants in Coal

Ash :
§   Primary Minerals resulting Inherent Ashes
§   Secondary Generated Minerals resulting Intermediate  Ashes
§   Inorganic rock forming External Ashes
          Sulfur :
§   Organic Sulfur – difficult to remove
§   Inorganic Sulfur – Pyrite (often contains the heavy metals), Marcasite, Gypsum and other sulfate minerals.


BENEFICIARIES/ CLIENTELE
 Coal Consumers

  •  Metallurgical coking coal - Steel Sector (viz. SAIL etc.)
     Non-coking coal/ Washery Middlings - Power Sector &
     Non-core sector consumers including             Cement, Sponge Iron, Brick and Fertilizer
 

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